TOX-REM: NUTRITIONAL SOLUTION USEFULL IN POSTPARTUM/LACTATION PHASE THAT PREVENTS INFLAMMATION AND RUMEN ACIDOSIS KEEPING HEALTHY DAIRY COWS’ RUMEN

If we consider scientific studies’ number dedicated to the fiber’s characteristics and digestibility, to the ration’s various components degradability and bioavailability, to the correct combination between non-structural carbohydrates and nitrogenous compounds and to the various microbial populations, talking about rumen functionality could now seem outdated.

However, the mechanisms that lead the rumen to become an important release of highly pathogenic toxins source, as well as compounds’ source that cannot be metabolized once they enter in the bloodstream such as D-lactates, have been investigated not as thoroughly.

This concept must lead every veterinarian, nutritionist and farmer to place due importance on the prepartum feed ration, which must be considered a fundamental and strategic tool for correctly adapting the dairy cow to the lactation feed ration, considering that rumen needs a large time to adapt to changes and in particular, during transition phase, when these changes are many.

LPS AND DAIRY COWS: A DAMAGE TO ASSESS

LPS are endotoxins present in the Gram-bacteria’s membrane, which dwell in the ruminal area even if in an absolutely lower quantity than Gram + bacteria. Their concentration increases in the subclinical rumen acidosis presence conditions (SARA) (Khafipour et al., 2011), inducing a corresponding increase in LPS, whose production becomes significantly relevant when the acidosis becomes acute (Ametay et al., 2010, 2011). LPS’s translocation predisposes the cow to acute systemic endotoxicosis due to the LPS induce toxemia’s severity (Emmanuel et al., 2007, 2008).

DAMAGE CAUSED BY LPS HIGH PRESENCE IN THE RUMEN

LPS play a direct role in rumen acidosis. Through the damage exerted on the rumen mucosa, they induce a volatile fatty acids absorption reduction with a consequent progressive rumen pH’s lowering .
Their passage into the circulation (Monteiro and Faciola, 2020), also stimulates the pro-inflammatory cytokines’ production which in turn stimulate the proteins’ production of acute phase at the hepatic level, with systemic reflexes of variable entity.

In postpartum phase, LPS’s high levels determine inflammatory processes affecting the uterus with a reduction in fertility resulting from an nuclear and cytoplasmic maturation of the oocytes impairment (Magata and Shimizu 2017).

Ametay et al (2010), explain how the rumen microbiota change induced by an excessive fermentable carbohydrates increase in prepartum phase in order to adapt the rumen to the lactation ration is at the basis of the detection of excessive acute phase proteins circulating amounts in the immediate postpartum with negative metabolic effects that should not be underestimated.

Guo et al., (2017), highlight a high LPS  passage from rumen to the bloodstream when the rumen’s pH is lower than 5.6 for at least 3 hours in dairy cows during post partum phase, this condition is capable of causing subacute rumen’s acidosis. In these case, the LPS’s level conveyed in the liver are also able to compromise the hepatocytes and liver function.

Ruminal acidosis acting on the forestomachs motility also represents an important factor predisposing the “abomasal dislocation (LDA)”. In this situation, the excess volatile fatty acids passage from rumen to the abomasum, actually reduces its contractile capacity (Goffand Horst, 1997; Neu-Zuber, 2005), causing atony and excess fermentation gas accumulation. This picture is finally aggravated by the further contractility reduction induced by pro-inflammatory proteins (especially IL6), that are present at the circulatory level.

Therefore, it emerges how important it is to devote due attention to rumen’s adaptation to the lactation feed ration. Taking advantage from informations coming from various studies carried out, it emerges the importance of avoiding sudden variations between dry, close up/steaming up and post partum/lactation feed ration.

Therefore, the close-up ration’s formulation should follow specific dictates and targeted energy, protein and mineral’s concentrations. However, in most cases, this is not possible and non-compliance with this need results in considerable problems. Farm’s size, prepartum group’s absence, personnel lack but also owners insensitivity, often force the use of not correct ration, creating the conditions for the postpartum pathologies appearance and a consequent productive and reproductive performances reduction.

GRANDA TEAM’s ANSWER WITH TRANSIZIONE 4.0 PROTOCOL

It is crucial to be able to reduce the LPS’s negative effects as well as their passage into the circulation, regardless of prepartum phase’s management and in consideration of the inevitable ruminal ecosystem variations. This goal can be achieved through the LPS inactivator use, an “LPS binder”. Trade name: TOX REM.

Recent tests highlight extremely positive results on the high-producing dairy cows physiometabolic balance following the TOX REM use, a specific and effective LPS inhibitor, during post-partum phase.

This nutritional solution’s activity also appears to be independent of the circulating endotoxins level, resulting effective even in the high concentrations presence.

The LPS inactivation and the effects they exert at a local and systemic level, allows to prevent the deleterious systemic inflammation’s consequences (vasodilatation, fever, peripheral shock, inappetence), as well as the risk of compromising the normal pre stomach functionality, already severely tested in the post-partum period by the important variations that occur in the feed ration.

GRANDA TEAM’s TOX REM solution, according to TRANSIZIONE 4.0 protocol aims the following objectives: