The formulation of correct rations during the close up phase represents a nutritionist’s number one objective.

Among the various nutrients, it is particularly important to provide the correct amount of minerals in compliance with globally recognized needs, even if in practice it is difficult to implement in everyday practicality. Indeed, all too frequently fodder used in the close up phase provides excessive quantities of minerals with respect to needs; in particular, with regard to the share of cations  (primarily K+ and Na+) which runs the risk of producing a ration high in DCAD and  making cows susceptible to metabolic alkalosis and related induced hypocalcemia. Potassium is most certainly the mineral that often creates considerable problems due to its highly variable content in fodder resulting from annual variability (seasonality) and being unable to rely on standard data to be applied during rationing.